Table of Contents 1 ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY 1 1.1 Introduction to Microwave Engineering 1 1.2 Maxwell’s Equations 6 1.3 Fields in Media and Boundary Conditions 10 1.4 The Wave Equation and Basic Plane Wave Solutions 15 1.5 General Plane Wave Solutions 20 1.6 Energy and Power 25 1.7 Plane Wave Reflection from a Media Interface 28 1.8 Oblique Incidence at a Dielectric Interface 35 1.9 Some Useful Theorems 40 2 TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY 48 2.1 The Lumped-Element Circuit Model for a Transmission Line 48 2.2 Field Analysis of Transmission Lines 51 2.3 The Terminated Lossless Transmission Line 56 2.4 The Smith Chart 63 2.5 The Quarter-Wave Transformer 72 2.6 Generator and Load Mismatches 76 2.7 Lossy Transmission Lines 78 2.8 Transients on Transmission Lines 85 3 TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES 95 3.1 General Solutions for TEM, TE, and TM Waves 96 3.2 Parallel Plate Waveguide 102 3.3 Rectangular Waveguide 110 3.4 Circular Waveguide 121 3.5 Coaxial Line 130 3.6 Surface Waves on a Grounded Dielectric Sheet 135 3.7 Stripline 141 3.8 Microstrip Line 147 3.9 The Transverse Resonance Technique 153 3.10 Wave Velocities and Dispersion 154 3.11 Summary of Transmission Lines and Waveguides 157 4 MICROWAVE NETWORK ANALYSIS 165 4.1 Impedance and Equivalent Voltages and Currents 166 4.2 Impedance and Admittance Matrices 174 4.3 The Scattering Matrix 178 4.4 The Transmission (ABCD) Matrix 188 4.5 Signal Flow Graphs 194 4.6 Discontinuities and Modal Analysis 203 4.7 Excitation of Waveguides—Electric and Magnetic Currents 210 4.8 Excitation of Waveguides—Aperture Coupling 215 5 IMPEDANCE MATCHING AND TUNING 228 5.1 Matching with Lumped Elements (L Networks) 229 5.2 Single-Stub Tuning 234 5.3 Double-Stub Tuning 241 5.4 The Quarter-Wave Transformer 246 5.5 The Theory of Small Reflections 250 5.6 Binomial Multisection Matching Transformers 252 5.7 Chebyshev Multisection Matching Transformers 256 5.8 Tapered Lines 261 5.9 The Bode–Fano Criterion 266 6 MICROWAVE RESONATORS 272 6.1 Series and Parallel Resonant Circuits 272 6.2 Transmission Line Resonators 278 6.3 Rectangular Waveguide Cavity Resonators 284 6.4 Circular Waveguide Cavity Resonators 288 6.5 Dielectric Resonators 293 6.6 Excitation of Resonators 297 6.7 Cavity Perturbations 306 7 POWER DIVIDERS AND DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS 317 7.1 Basic Properties of Dividers and Couplers 317 7.2 The T-Junction Power Divider 324 7.3 The Wilkinson Power Divider 328 7.4 Waveguide Directional Couplers 333 7.5 The Quadrature (90?) Hybrid 343 7.6 Coupled Line Directional Couplers 347 7.7 The Lange Coupler 359 7.8 The 180? Hybrid 362 7.9 Other Couplers 372 8 MICROWAVE FILTERS 380 8.1 Periodic Structures 381 8.2 Filter Design by the Image Parameter Method 388 8.3 Filter Design by the Insertion Loss Method 399 8.4 Filter Transformations 408 8.5 Filter Implementation 415 8.6 Stepped-Impedance Low-Pass Filters 422 8.7 Coupled Line Filters 426 8.8 Filters Using Coupled Resonators 437 9 THEORY AND DESIGN OF FERRIMAGNETIC COMPONENTS 451 9.1 Basic Properties of Ferrimagnetic Materials 452 9.2 Plane Wave Propagation in a Ferrite Medium 465 9.3 Propagation in a Ferrite-Loaded Rectangular Waveguide 471 9.4 Ferrite Isolators 475 9.5 Ferrite Phase Shifters 482 9.6 Ferrite Circulators 487 10 NOISE AND NONLINEAR DISTORTION 496 10.1 Noise in Microwave Circuits 496 10.2 Noise Figure 502 10.3 Nonlinear Distortion 511 10.4 Dynamic Range 519 11 ACTIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES 524 11.1 Diodes and Diode Circuits 525 11.2 Bipolar Junction Transistors 540 11.3 Field Effect Transistors 543 11.4 Microwave Integrated Circuits 547 11.5 Microwave Tubes 552 12 MICROWAVE AMPLIFIER DESIGN 558 12.1 Two-Port Power Gains 558 12.2 Stability 564 12.3 Single-Stage Transistor Amplifier Design 571 12.4 Broadband Transistor Amplifier Design 585 12.5 Power Amplifiers 596 13 OSCILLATORS AND MIXERS 604 13.1 RF Oscillators 605 13.2 Microwave Oscillators 613 13.3 Oscillator Phase Noise 622 13.4 Frequency Multipliers 627 13.5 Mixers 637 14 INTRODUCTION TO MICROWAVE SYSTEMS 658 14.1 System Aspects of Antennas 658 14.2 Wireless Communications 671 14.3 Radar Systems 690 14.4 Radiometer Systems 696 14.5 Microwave Propagation 701 14.6 Other Applications and Topics 705 APPENDICES 712 A Prefixes 713 B Vector Analysis 713 C Bessel Functions 715 D Other Mathematical Results 718 E Physical Constants 718 F Conductivities for Some Materials 719 G Dielectric Constants and Loss Tangents for Some Materials 719 H Properties of Some Microwave Ferrite Materials 720 I Standard Rectangular Waveguide Data 720 J Standard Coaxial Cable Data 721 ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS 722 INDEX 725;